This zone moves slightly equatorward during the substorm growth phase. The latitudinal morphology of >100 keV protons at different local times has been studied as a function of substorm activity Acharacteristic pattern has been found: During quiet times there is an isotropic zone centered around 67 0 near midnight, but located on higher latitudes towards dusk and dawn. Particle distributions were reconstructed from emittance scan. Measurements of beam profile, emittance and intensity were taken in three different setups: right after the source, after the first and after the second LEBT solenoids respectively. At the same time this allowed a first verification of the functionalities of diagnostics instrumentation and acquisition software tools. In preparation to this, preliminary measurements were taken using a 45 keV proton source and a temporary LEBT setup, with the aim of characterising the output beam by comparison with the predictions of simulations.
Commissioning of the low energy part - comprising the H - source, a 45 keV Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT), a 3 MeV Radiofrequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and a Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) - will start in fall 2012 on a dedicated test stand installation.
Linac4 is a 160 MeV normal-conducting H- linear accelerator, which will replace the 50 MeV proton Linac2 as injector for the CERN proton complex. Possible applications of low energy accelerators (E/sub p/ less than or equal to 500 keV) for further experimental work is discussedīellodi, G Hein, L M Lallement, J-B Lombardi, A M Midttun, O Scrivens, R Posocco, P A A comprehensive summary of x-ray ionization cross section references covering the proton energy range up to 500 keV is also included. It was found that even though the data were lower than those expected by the BEA theory, they lie on a universal curve. Using the most recent values of K-shell fluorescent yields, x-ray ionization cross sections were calculated and compared to theoretical predictions based on the binary encounter approximation (BEA) model. The characteristic x-rays were measured with high resolution Si(Li) detectors. The remaining data were taken with the SUNY College at Cortland 400 keV Van de Graaff generator. The East Texas State University 150 keV Cockcroft-Walton accelerator was used to study Ni K-shell x-rays produced by 90 to 150 keV protons. Similar measurements with 130 to 415 keV protons were made for Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn. The total thick target yield of K-shell x-rays produced in Ni by incident protons over the energy range 90 to 415 keV was measured. International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Characteristic K-shell x-ray production by protons below 500 keV
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